Base and floor scrubber



Oct. 13, 1970 R. l. DE MERCADO 31,533,120

BASE- AND FLOOR SCRUBBER Filed July 29. 1968 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.Robert I. de Mercado ,gom M iM ATTORNEY 0l- 13. 1970 R. DE MERCADO3,533,120

BASE AND FLOOR SCRUBBER Filed July 29,` 1968 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 0 1 mINVENTOIL /Eigclz Robert I. de Mercado ATTORNEY Oct. 13, 1970 R. l.DEMERCADO 3,533,120

BASE AND FLOOR SGRUBBER Filed July 29. 1968 5 Sheets-Sheet :5

1N VENTOR.

Robert I. de Mercado N 27km `A TTORNE Y Oct 13 1970 R. l. DE MERCADO3,533,120

BASE AND FLOOR SCRUBBER Filed July 29, 1968 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.Robert I. de Mercado ATrQRNEY Oct. 13,1970 R. l. DE MERCADO BASE ANDFLOOR SCRUBBER.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 29, 1968 8N NON QQN EN @u United StatesPatent U.S. Cl. -50 17 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A Hoor scrubberhaving a horizontally disposed scrubber member and at least onevertically disposed scrubber member, the scrubbing surfaces of therespective scrubbing members intersecting. Drive means is provided formoving the vertically and horizontally disposed scrubber membersrelative to each other. A handle secured to the frame of the scrubbingdevice is adaped to be rotated horizontally relative to the frame of thefioor scrubber. The vertically disposed scrubber members are pivotallymounted to allow the surface thereof to automatically align itself withthe surface against which it is disposed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Floor scrubbing machines heretofore used didnot adequately clean areas along baseboards and in corners, leavingunsightly areas which had to be cleaned by hand.

Cleaning areas which are inaccessible to conventional oor scrubbbingdevices was a time consuming task and an undue portion of the timerequired for cleaning and maintaining buildings was devoted to cleaningin corners and along baseboards.

Floors of office buildings and business establishments are normallycleaned at least once a day. It is not uncommon for a businessestablishment or ofce building to have corridors and hallways extendinga total distance of several miles in a single building. Hallways andcorridors between display cases are usually relatively narrow and havebaseboards extending along the bottom edge of walls or counters.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION I have developed a floor scrubbing device whichis particularly adapted for cleaning floors, ibaseboards and corners.

The scrubbing device which I have developed incorporates a reciprocatinghorizontally disposed brush for cleaning the floor area andreciprocating vertically disposed brushes for cleaning baseboardswherein the area scrubbed by the horizontal and vertical brushesintersect.

It is, therefore, a primary object of the invention to provide a baseand floor scrubber having reciprocaitn'g brushes thereon arranged toclean the area at the intersection of the floor and baseboard.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a base and floorscrubber having reciprocating brushes arranged to clean in corners.

Another object of the invention is to provide a base and floor scrubberwith reciprocating brushes which are accessible to the area at theintersection of the oor and baseboards even though the wall is curved.

A further object of the invention is to provide a base and floorscrubbing device having a reciprocating brush adapted to automaticallyconform to the configuration of the intersecting surfaces betwen thefloor and the wall.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a base and oorscrubbing device having a detergent dispenser for providing cleaningfluid in regulated quantities to the area Ibeing scrubbed.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a "ice base andoor scrubbing device having a handle which is adjustable vertically andhorizontally relative to the frame carrying the brushes.

Other and further objects of the invention will become apparent uponreading the detailed specification hereinafter following and byreferring to the drawings annexed hereto.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings of a preferredembodiment of the present invention are provided so that the inventionmay be better and more fully understood, in which:

FIG. I is a plan view of the base and floor scrubber with parts brokenaway to more clearly illustrate details of construction of the handleadjustment;

FIG. II is a side elevational view with the skirt in the loweredposition;

FIG. III is a fragmentary side elevational View with the skirt in theraised position;

FIG. IV is a front elevational view;

FIG. V is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken. along lines V-V ofFIG. II;

FIG. VI is a cross-sectional view taken along lines VI-Vl of FIG. V;

FIG. VII is a cross-sectional view taken along lines VII--VII of FIG. V;

FIG. VIII is a cross-sectional view taken along lines VIII-VIII of FIG.V.

FIGS. IX, X, XI, and XII illustrate the position and direction ofmovement of the horizontal brush mounting racket for various positionsof the crankshaft;

FIGS. IX-A, XA, XI-A, and XII-A illustrate corresponding locations anddirections of movement of the vertical brush mounting bracket forcorresponding crankshaft positions illustrated in FIGS. IX through XIIof drawing;

FIG. XIII is a fragmentary perspective view of a brush mounting bracketwith guide rollers mounted thereon;

FIG. XIV is a fragmentary cross-sectional View taken along lines XIV-XIVof FIG. VI;

FIG. XV is an enlarged perspective view of the horizontal and Verticalbrush mounting brackets; and

FIG. XVI is an enlarged perspective view of the crankshaft.

Numeral references are employed to indicate the various parts as shownin the drawings and like numerals indicate like parts throughout thevarious figures of the drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. I of thedrawing, the numeral 1 generally designates a base and floor scrubbingdevice incorporating the present invention.

Floor scrubbing device 1 has a frame .or housing 2 having a top 3,downwardly extending side walls 4, a front end wall 6 and a back endwall 8.

Referring to FIGS. V and VIII, an electric motor 10, having wires 11aenclosed in a cord 11 connectable to any suitable source for electricalpower, is rigidly connected by screws 12 to motor mounting plate 13which is adjustably secured to anchor plate 14 secured to the top 3 offrame 2 by screws 15.

Anchor plate 14 consists of segmented annular rings having upwardlyextending portions 16 and outwardly extending flanges 18. Each liange 18has spaced apertures 20 extending therethrough.

`The motor mounting plate 13 has an annular skirt portion 22 extendingdownwardly from the outer edges thereof. Annular skirt 22 has a ange .24extending inwardly from the lower edge thereof adapted to pass underflange 18 on anchor plate 14.

An aperture 26 extends through motor mounting plate 13.

A support lug 28 is welded or otherwise rigidly secured to annular skirt22 on motor mounting plate 13. A bell crank 30 is pivotally connected bya pin 32 to the upper portion of support lug 28. A mounting bracket 34is rigidly connected to support lug 28 by bolts 36 and has a retractablecable 38 extending therethrough.

The retractable cable 38 extends through opening 40 in the upper end ofbell crank 30 and is secured thereto.

Compression spring 42, enclosed in the housing 44, is detachably securedto motor mounting plate 13 by screws 46, and applies a force downwardlyon washer 48 welded or otherwise rigidly secured to anchor pin 50,urging anchor pin 50 through aligned apertures 26 and 20 in motormounting plate 13 and ange 18 of anchor plate 14 respectively.

Motor mounting plate 13 has diametrically opposed upwardly extendinglugs 52 thereon. Handle bars 54 are pivotally connected to lugs 52 bypins 55, spacer members 56 and cotter keys 58.

Hand grips 60 are provided on handle bars 54.

Pivot pin 62 extends through an opening in bracket 64 rigidly connectedto handle bars 54 adjacent the upper end thereof and through a hole inlever 66 which has a knob 68 at one end thereof. Retractable cable 38has one end thereof connected to bell crank 30 and is connected at theother end to link 66.

From the foregoing it should be readily apparent that handle bars 54,pivotally connected by pins 55 to lugs 52 on motor mounting plate 13,may be adjusted vertically to a height most suitable for a particularoperator.

It should be readily apparent also that handle bars 54 may be adjustedhorizontally relative to frame 2 of door scrubbing device 1 by pushingknob 68 on lever 66 forward, thereby retracting cable 38, causing bellcrank 30 to pivot about pin 32 to withdraw locking pin 50` from aperture20 in anchor plate 14. When lock pin 50 is thus retracted a lateralforce on handle bars 54 will rotate motor mounting plate `13 relative toanchor plates 14 for positioning handle bars 54 in the position shown indashed outline in FIG. I of the drawing. Release of the knob 68 causesspring 42 to move pin 50 downward to engage one of the apertures 20 tothereby lock the handle in such adjusted position.

As best seen in FIGS. II, V, and VII of the drawing, wheels 70 arerotatably journaled on pins 72 rigidly connected to brackets 74 weldedor otherwise rigidly secured to side walls 4 of frame 2 of floorscrubber 1. Each side wall 2 has spaced cutaway positions 76 throughwhich wheels 70 extend.

Each bolt or pin 72 on which wheels 70 are mounted extends through anelongated slot 78 in bracket 74, providing means for adjusting wheels 70vertically relative to frame 2.

As best seen in FIGS. IV and V of the drawings, a first abrasive pad orbrush 80 extends horizontally across the lower end of frame 2. Secondabrasive pads or brushes 82 and 84 extend substantially vertically alongeach side 4 of frame 2.

Abrasive pads 80, 82 and 84 may be constructed of any material suitablefor scrubbing, sanding, buing or polishing floors, sidewalks and thelike. However, the particular embodiment of the invention illustrated-in the drawing shows the abrasive pads to be brushes having flexiblebristles 86 thereon.

Motor 10 has a shaft 88 extending therefrom through an opening 90centrally located in motor mounting plate 13. Shaft 88 of motor 10 isconnected by a set screw 92 and key 94 to a coupling 96 having spacedkeys 98 disposed about the periphery thereof.

As best seen in FIGS. VIII and XVI of the drawings, shaft 88 of motor 10is connected through coupling 96 to crankshaft generally designated bythe numeral 100. Crankshaft has a collar 102 on the upper end thereofand has keyways 104 formed in the outer periphery of a socket 106centrally located therein. Coupling 96, rigidly connected to shaft 88 ofmotor 10, extends into socket 106 of crankshaft 100, causing saidcrankshaft to rotate with shaft 88.

Collar 102 of crankshaft 100 has a reduced position 108 in which bearing122 is mounted as will be hereinafter more fully explained.

The top 3 of frame 2 of floor scrubbing device 1 has an opening 110centrally located therein surrounded by a downwardly extending bearingcup 112 having inwardly extending shoulders 114 and 116 and being closedat the lower end by a bottom 118, having an aperture therethrough.

A radial bearing 122 engages the outer surface of reduced area 108 incollar 102 of crankshaft 100 and the inner surface of shoulder 114 inbearing cup 112. A thrust bearing 124 is positioned between the lowershoulder of the reduced section 108 and the bottom 118 of bearing cup112 for maintaining coupling 96 in engagement with socket 106 in collar102 on crankshaft 100.

Crankplates 126 and 128 have eccentric openings 130 and 132 extendingtherethrough and are rigidly connected to crankshaft 100 by keys 134.

Each crankplate 126 and 128 has a radial bearing 136 encircling theouter edge thereof.

Thrust bearing 138 is positioned between Crankplates 126 and 128 formaintaining the said Crankplates in spaced apart relation.

The lower end of crankshaft 100 is rotatably journaled in radial bearing140 recessed in bearing socket 142 centrally located in crankshaftsupport 144 extending longitudinally of frame 2 rigidly connected as bybolts 146 to front end wall 6 and back end wall 8.

A thrust bearing 148 is positioned between the lower face of crankplate128 and bearing 140. A nut 150 engages a threaded portion 152 to thelower end of crankshaft 100 for maintaining proper tension betweencrankshaft 100 and the respective support bearings.

Horizontal brush 80 has a substantially at rectangular backing which maybe constructed of Wood or any other suitable material for supportingbristles 86. Backing 160 of horizontal brush 80 has clevises 162 rigidlyconnected thereto in spaced apart relation for pivotally connectinghorizontal brush 80 by pins 164 to a downwardly extending portion 166 ofhorizontal brush support 168, best illustrated in FIG. XV.

Vertical brushes 82 and 84 have rigid backings 170 and 172 respectively.Each backing member 170 and 172 has a clevis 174 rigidly connected to acentral portion thereof, which is pivotally connected by a pivot pin 176to vertical brush support 178, best illustrated in FIG,S. VI and XV.

Each brush support 168 and 178 has a substantially at horizontallydisposed bearing plate 180 and 180a respectively extending across acentral portion thereof. Each bearing plate 180 and 180a has an upwardlyextending bearing surface 182 and 182a around straight sided ellipticalopenings 184 and 184a extending through a central portion of bearingplates 180 and 180g respectively.

Each bearing surface 182 and 182a has semicircular end portions 186 and186a respectively connected by tangentially disposed side portions 188and 188a repectively forming closed surfaces for receiving bearings 136extending around crank plates 126 and 128 respectively.

Referring to FIG. VI of the drawing, the radii of semicircular endsections 186 and 186a and the distance between side portions 188 and18811 are equal to the diameter of the outer race of bearings 136 andthe distances between semicircular end sections 186 and 186:1respectively are greater than the diameter of the outer race of bearings136.

As best seen in FIGS. IX through XII and IX-A through XII-A, rotation ofcrankshaft 100 imparts reciprocating rectilinear motion to bearingsupport plates 168 and 178 respectively.

FIGS. IX through XII-A are schematic representations of the direction ofmovement of the crank plates 168 and 178 and consequently horizontal andvertical brushes 80, 82 and 84 respectively for corresponding positionsof crankshaft 100 and crank plates 126 and 128 connected thereto. Itshould be noted that brush supports 168 and 178 reciprocate in oppositedirections.

Crank plates 126 and 128 extend outwardly from crankshaft 100 inopposite directions. Therefore, as crankshaft 100 rotates in a clockwisedirection, horizontal brush support 168 moves toward back end wall 8 ofHoor scrubbing device 1 while vertical brush support 178 is urged in theopposite direction toward front end wall 6, FIGS. IX and IX-A. Brushsupports 168 and 178 continue to move in opposite directions until crankplates 126 and 128 rotate to the position of maximum displacement asshown in FIGS. X and X-A of the drawing.

Continued rotation of crank plates 126 and 128 reverses the direction oftravel of each brush support plate as shown in FIGS. XI and XI-A. Whencrank plates 126 and 128 move to the position illustrated in FIGS. XIIand XII-A of the drawing, the direction of travel of the respectivelybrush supports is reversed, completing a cycle of reciprocating motionof each support plate in opposite directions.

Each brush support plate 168 and 178 has spaced openings 190, havingbolts or rivets extending therethrough, for rigidly connecting sets ofguide and antifriction rollers 192 to opposite sides thereof. Each setof guide rollers 192 has rollers 194 and 196 disposed in vertical andhorizontal planes respectively rotatably journaled in a mounting bracket198.

Spaced parallel tracks 200, 20051, 202, 202g, 204 and 20451 extendbetween and are rigidly connected at the opposite ends thereof by screws206 to front end Wall 6 and back end wall 8. Each said track has ahorizontally disposed portion 208 and a vertically disposed portion 210forming opposed inwardly facing channel shaped guide members forreceiving each set of guide rollers 192, best illustrated in FIG. XIV.

Liquid dispenser 212 includes a container 214 rigidly connected tohandle bars 54 for receiving liquid detergent, solvent, `wax or anyother suitable solution which might be beneficial in increasing theeffectiveness of abrasive pads or brushes 80, 82 and 84 of the oorscrubbing device.

Container 214 has a fill cap 216 disposed in an upper portion thereof.

Any suitable means may be provided for delivering liquid from container214 to vertical brushes 82 and 84. However, suitable structure,illustrated in FIG. V, includes outlets 218 disposed in a .lower portionof container 214 at opposite sides thereof. Valves 220 are disposedadjacent to outlets 218 for regulating the flow of liquid from container214. Flexible tubes 218 have the opposite ends thereof connected betweenvalve 220 and conduit 224 rigidly connected by brackets 226 to sidewalls 4- of the oor scrubbing device. Each conduit 224 has spacednozzles 228 communicating therewith for dispensing liquid adjacent theupper edges of brushes 82 and 84.

Splash guards 230 are pivotally connected by hinges 232 to the upperedges of side walls 4 of the floor scrubbing device and extend outwardlyand downwardly therefrom, forming a cover for the upper ends of brushes82 and 84. Each splash guard '230 has an extension member 234 slideablyconnected thereto by bolts 236 extending through elongated slots 238 atopposite ends of each extension member 234.

Referring to FIG. V it will be noted that the splash lguard 230 on theside of the floor scrubbing device adjacent to the baseboard beingcleaned is pivoted about hinge 232 to a raised position, allowing brush82 to engage the baseboard. Splash guard 230 on the opposite side of thefloor scrubbing device is maintained in the lower position to eliminatethe possibility that vertical brush 84 might be inadvertently moved intocontact with furniture or clothing of passers-by.

Referring to FIGS. VI and VIII of the drawing, a resilient bumper 240 isrigidly connected to the front wall 6 of the floor scrubbing device toprevent scratching or marring of furniture or walls by the frame 2 ofthe oor scrubbing device 1.

It should be noted, FIG. VIII, that the bristles of horizontal andvertical brushes extend past the outer edge of resilient bumper 240 whenthe respective brushes are in the maximum forward position. It should bereadily apparent that this construction allows cleaning in corners.

OPERATION When cord 11 is connected to a suitable source of electricalpower, such as a wall outlet, and a switch (not shown) is closed,completing an electrical circuit through motor 10, horizontal brush andvertical brushes 8-2 and 84 will begin reciprocating to scrub the floor244 and baseboard 246.

A suitable liquid, such as liquid detergent may be placed in liquiddispenser 212 and the rate of ow from nozzles 228 onto vertical brushes82 and 84 may be regulated by adjusting valves 220.

Handle bars 54 may be pivoted horizontally and rotationally by pushingforward on knob 68 on handle bars 54, thereby releasing lock pin 50 fromaperture 20, allowing handle bars 50 to be pivoted horizontally relativeto the frame 2.

From the foregoing, it should be readily apparent that I have developeda oor scrubbing: device which is simple to construct and operate, havinghorizontally and vertically disposed pads or brushes thereon accessibleto areas around baseboards and in corners whereby areas inaccessible tooor scrubbing devices heretofore developed may be scrubbedsimultaneously with central portions of the floor.

While the above description has been directed primarily to a floorscrubbing device having brushes for washing or scrubbing a floor withliquid detergent, it should be readily apparent that the device which Ihave developed may be utilized as a buffer or wax applicator.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. In a device of the class described, a general frame; a horizontallydisposed scrubber member carried beneath the frame; a verticallydisposed scrubber member carried on at least one side of the frame; afirst support means for the horizontal scrubber member carried by theframe; means carried by the frame to move the first support member andscrubber carried thereby relative to the frame; a second support meansfor the vertically disposed scrubber member carried by the frame; andmeans carried by the frame to move the second support means and scrubbercarried thereby relative to the other scrubber.

2. The combination called for in Claim 1 with the addition of a handle,and connection means between the handle and the frame for adjusting thehandle horizontally with reference to the frame.

3. The combination called for in Claim 1 with the addition of liquiddispensing means carried by the frame adapted to dispense liquidadjacent to the scrubber members.

4. In a device of the class described, a general frome; a horizontallydisposed scrubber member carried beneath the frame; a verticallydisposed scrubber member carried on at least one side of the frame; afirst support means for the horizontal scrubber member carried by theframe; a second support means for the vertically disposed scrubbermember carried by the frame; and means carried by the frame to move thefirst and second support means and the scrubbers carried therebyreciprocatingly in opposite directions relative to the frame.

5. In a device of the class described, a general frame; horizontallydisposed scrubber member carried beneath the frame; a verticallydisposed scrubber member carried on at least one side of the frame; arst support means for the horizontal scrubber member carried by theframe; means carried by the frame to move the rst support member andscrubber carried thereby reciprocatingly relative to the frame; a secondsupport means for the vertically disposed scrubber member carried by theframe; means carried by the frame to move the second support means andscrubber carried thereby reciprocatingly relative to the frame; andmeans to pivotally connect the scrubber members to the respectivesupport means therefor allowing the surfaces of the scrubber members toautomatically align themselves with the surfaces against which they aredisposed.

6. In a device of the class described, a general frame; a horizontallydisposed scrubber member carried beneath the frame; a verticallydisposed scrubber member carried on at least one side of the frame; afirst support means for the horizontal scrubber member carried by theframe; a second support means for the vertically disposed scrubbermember carried by the frame; and means for moving the first and secondsupport means relative to the frame comprising, a motor carried by theframe; a crankshaft rotatably journaled in said frame, said crankshaptbeing driven by said motor; spaced circular crankarms eccentricallymounted on said crankshaft; and straight sided elliptical openings inthe support members in which the crankshafts are disposed to causelateral movement of the support means upon rotation of the crankshaft.

7. The combination called for in claim 6 wherein the crankarms extendoutwardly from opposite sides of the shaft whereby the support meansmove in opposite directions.

8. In a device of the class described, a general frame; a horizontallydisposed scrubber member carried beneath the frame; a verticallydisposed scrubber member carried on at least one side of the frame; afirst support means for the horizontal scrubber member carried by theframe; means carried by the frame to move the rst support member andscrubber carried thereby reciprocatingly relative to the frame; a secondsupport means for the vertically disposed scrubber member carried by theframe; means carried by the frame to move the second support means andscrubber carried thereby reciprocatingly relative to the frame; andinterengaging means between the frame and the respective support meansfor guiding the scrubber members.

9. The combination called for in claim 8 wherein the interengaging meanscomprises rollers rotatably connected to the support means, and tracksextending longitudinally of the frame in which the rollers run.

10. In a device of the class described, a general frame; a handle;anchor means secured to the frame; mounting means pivotally attached tothe handle and rotatably attached to the anchor means; disengageablelocking means between the mounting means and the anchor means; ahorizontally disposed scrubber member beneath the frame; a verticallydisposed scrubber member carried on at least one side of the frame; airst support means for the horizontal scrubber member carried by theframe; means caried by the frame to move the first support member andscrubber carried thereby reciprocatingly relative to the frame; a secondsupport means for the vertically disposed scrubber member carried by theframe; and means carried by the frame to move the second support meansand scrubber carried thereby reciprocatingly relative to the frame.

11. The combination called for in claim 10 wherein the disengageablelocking means comprises spaced holes in the anchor means; a spring urgedpin carried yby the mounting means arranged to enter said holes; acrankarm pivotally carried by the mounting means and pivotally attachedto the pin; and a flexible shaft connected to the crankarm, and beingaccessible at the handle for withdrawing the pin to allow rotationalmovement of the mounting means.

12. In a machine for scrubbing intersecting vertical and horizontalsurfaces simultaneously comprising, horizontal and vertical scrubbingmembers on the machine having scrubbing surfaces thereon extendingoutwardly thereof, the scrubbing surfaces at the edges of the respectivescrubbing members intersecting, whereby the point of intersection of thesurfaces are simultaneously cleaned; and means on the machine toreciprocatingly move the horizontal and vertical scrubbing membersrelative to eachlother.

13. The combination called for in claim 12 wherein the horizontal andvertical scrubbing surfaces are brush bristles.

14. In a machine for scrubbing intersecting vertical and horizontalsurfaces simultaneously comprising, horizontal and vertical scrubbingmembers on the machine having scrubbing surfaces thereon extendingoutwardly thereof, the scrubbing surfaces at the edges of the respectivescrubbing members intersecting, whereby the points of intersection ofthe surfaces are simultaneously cleaned; and means on the machine toreciprocatingly move the horizontal and vertical scrubbing members inopposite directions.

1S. In a scrubbing machine, a frame, a horizontal scrubbing member belowthe frame; a vertical scrubbing member on at least one side of theframe; a motor; a crankshaft rotated by the motor; spaced circularcrankarms eccentrically mounted on the crankshaft; a first support platepivotally attched at one end to the vertical scrubbing member and havinga straight sided elliptical opening therein in which one of thecrankarms is disposed; and a second support plate having downwardlydirected ends pivotally attached to the horizontal brush and having astraight sided elliptical opening therein in which the other crankarm isdisposed; and means on the frame for supporting the support platesagainst vertical movement, 'but allowing horizontal movement thereof.

16. The combination called for in claim 14 with the addition of ahandle; and connection means between the handle and the frame foradjusting the handle rotationally with reference to the frame.

17. The combination called for in claim 14 with the addition of liquiddispensing means carried by the frame adapted to dispense liquidadjacent to the scrubber members.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 199,875 1/1878 Stockley 15-503,327,338 6/1967 Young 15-98 FOREIGN PATENTS 748,107 4/ 1956 GreatBritain.

EDWARD L. ROBERTS, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 51-175

